1. Concomitant Infection with Leishmania donovani and L. major in Single Ulcers of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients from Sudan.
2. Babiker AM, Ravagnan S, Fusaro A, Hassan MM, Bakheit SM,MukhtarMM, Cattoli G, Capelli G.. J Trop Med. 2014;2014:170859. doi: 10.1155/2014/170859. Epub 2014 Mar 12.
3. Screening and Characterization of RAPD Markers in Viscerotropic Leishmania Parasites. Mkada-Driss I, Lahmadi R, Chakroun AS, Talbi C, Guerbouj S, Driss M, Elamine EM, Cupolillo E, Mukhtar MM, Guizani I. PLoS One. 2014 Oct 14;9(10):e109773
4. Comparison of Point-of-Care Tests for the Rapid Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis in East African Patients. Bezuneh A,Mukhtar M, Abdoun A, Teferi T, Takele Y, Diro E, Jemaneh A, Shiferaw W, Wondimu H, Bhatia A, Howard RF, Ghalib H, Ireton GC, Hailu A, Reed SG. Am J Trop Med Hyg.2014 Oct 13. pii: 13-0759. [Epub ahead of print]
5. Genotyping and virological characteristics of Hepatitis B virus in HIV infected individuals in Sudan. Mukhlid Yousif, Hatim Mudawi, Waleed Hussien; Maowia Mukhtar; Omer Nemeri, Dieter Glebe and Anna Kramvis.International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2014. In Press
6. Overt and occult Hepatitis B virus infection in adult HIV patients in Sudan. Hatim Mudawi; Waleed Hussien; Maowia Mukhtar; mukhlid Yousif; Omer Nemeri, Dieter Glebe and Anna Kramvis. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 29 (2014): C65-C70.

1. A M Musa, EAG Khalil, BM Younis, MEE Elfaki, MY Elamin, AOA Adam, HAA Mohamed, MMM Dafalla, AA Abuzaid, AM EL-Hassan. (2013). Treatment-Based Strategy for the Management of Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) Patients in the Sudan. J Trop Med. 2013;2013:708391. doi: 10.1155/2013/708391. Epub 2013 Apr 15.
2. El Hassan AM, Khalil EA, Elamin WM, El Hassan LA, Ahmed ME, Musa AM. (2013). Misdiagnosis and Mistreatment of Post-Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL). Case Rep Med. 2013;2013:351579. doi: 10.1155/2013/351579. Epub 2013 Feb 21.
3. EA, Khidir SA, Musa AM, Musa BY, Elfaki ME, Elkadaru AM, Zijlstra E, El-Hassan AM. (2013). Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: a perfect paradigm of Immune reconstitution syndrome in non-HIV/AIDS patients. Journal of Tropical Medicine, Volume 2013. http://dx,doi.org/10.1155/2013/275253.
4. T, Musa A, Alkadarou A, Mahfouz MS, Troye-Blomberg M, Elhassan AM, Elhassan IM. (2013). Immunological characteristics of hyperreactive malarial splenomegaly syndrome in Sudanese patients. J Trop Med. 2013;2013:961051. doi: 10.1155/2013/961051. Epub 2013 Mar 5.
5. Amani O. Shakak, Eltahir A. G. Khalil, Ahmed M. Musa, Kawthar A. M. Salih, AbdElgadir A. Bashir, Ala H. Ahmed, FathElrahman M. Idris and Ahmed M. Elhassan. (2013). Possible risk factor factors of progression of overt disease among individuals with latent tuberculosis infection in Sudan. International Journal of Current Research, Vol. 5, Issue, 05, pp.1107-1110.
6. A.G. Khalil, Imad A. El Hag, Kamal E. Elsiddig, Mohamed E.M.O. Elsafi, Mona E.E. Elfaki, Ahmed M. Musa, Brima Y. Musa, Ahmed M. Elhassan (2013). A clinical algorithm for triaging patients with significant lymphadenopathy in primary health care settings in Sudan. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine; 5(1), Art. #435, 6 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ phcfm.v5i1.435.
7. Mahdi Hussein A. Abdalla, Mogtaba Elsaman A. Abdelsalam, Ahmed Mudawi Musa and Eltahir Awad Gasim Khalil. (2013). Frequency of BCR-ABL Transcripts among Sudanese patients with persistent myeloid leukocytosis: A diagnostic aide for chronic myeloid leukaemia in low-income countries. International Journal of Current Research, Vol. 5 (5) pp.1291-1293.
   A. Elmahdi, Khalid H. Bakheit and Ahmed M Musa. (2013). Seroprevalence of Anti-tetanus Antibodies in Women Attending Omdurman Maternity Antenatal Clinic in Sudan. www.frontiesin.org.
8. M A Elawad, Brima Y Musa, Ahmed M Mudawi and Eltahir AG Khalil. (2013). Mannose Binding Lectin-2 gene mutations, serum levels and susceptibility to Leishmania donovaniInfections in Sudan Int. J. Cur. Tr. Res (2013) 2 (1): 320 – 324.
9. F, Abuzaid AA, Baltussen R, Younis BM, Balasegaram M, Khalil EA, Boelaert M, Musa AM. (2013). The Economic Burden of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Sudan: An Assessment of Provider and Household Costs. Am J Trop Hyg 89(6):1146-53. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.12-0585. Epub 2013 Nov 4.
10. E.M. Eltayeb, B.Y. Musa, A.M. Musa, A.A. Abuzaid, H.A.A. Mohammed, M.M.M. Dafalla, A.O.A. Adam, M.E.E.Elfaki and E.A.G. Khalil (2013). Serum Cytochrome C and plasma lipids levels as surrogate markers of hepatocellular toxicity in Sudanese visceral leishmaniasis. Elixir Biomedical Sci. & Tech. 63 (2013) 18430-18432.
11. Muzamil  Mahdi Abdel Hamid, Sara B. Mohammed,  Ibrahim M El Hassan. Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium falciparum Field Isotates in Central Sudan Inferred by PCR Genotyping of  Merozoite Surface Protein 1 and 2. North American Journal of Medical Sciences. Feb. 2013.Vol. 5 (2) 94-100.
12. Hussein Musa, Etayeb Mohamed Ahmed Tyrab, Muzamil Mahdi Abdel Hamid, Elbagir Abdel Rahman Elbashir, Lemya Mohammed Yahia, Nihad Mohammed Salih. Characterization of lipid profiles in coronary heart disease patients in Sudan. Indian Heart Journal. 2013, 1-2.
13. Sara A. Abuelmaali, Arwa H. Elaagip, Mohammed A. Basheer, Ehab A. Frah, Osama M. Seidahmed, David Weetman and Muzamil M. Abdel Hamid. Impacts of agricultural practice on insecticide resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis in Khartoum, Sudan. PLoS One. Nov. 2013. Vol. 8 (11) 1-9.
    S. E. Abdalla1a, E. A. G. Khalil, F. A. M. Salih, M. M. H. Satti, A. I. Basheer, A. H. Elagib, A. A. Elnour, M. A. Ali & I. F. Elmoola. Social impact of delayed male circumcision in a group of hemophiliacs’ patients from Sudan. Merit Research Journal of Microbiology and Biological Sciences Vol. 1(1) pp. 8-14, November, 2013. Available online http://www.meritresearchjournals.org/mbs/index.htm.
14. Khalid A Enan, Takeshi Nabeshima, Toru Kubo, Corazon C Buerano, Abdel Rahim M . El Hussein, Isam M Elkhidir, Eltahir AG Khalil and Kouichi Morita
    Title: Survey of causative agents for acute respiratory infections among patients in Khartoum- State, Sudan, 2010- 2011. Virol J. 2013 Oct 25; 10(1):312. [Epub ahead of print].
15. Ibrahim AI, EL Hassan AM, Fahal AH, EL Farag MM, Mahmmoud A. Identification of the Black Pigment & Heavy Metals in M. mycetomatis Grains using Histo-Biochemical Techniques. PLoS One,published 06 Mar 2013 | PLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0057774.
16. H. Bashir, S M Yousif, Lamyaa A M EL Hassan, W M Elamin, Ameera Adam, M. E. Ibrahim, K. O. Alfarouk,  A. K. Muddathir, A M EL Hassan. Primary Cutaneous Follicular Lymphoma Associated with Helicobacter pylori Infection American Journal of Dermatology and Venereology 2013;  2(3): 27-30.
17. M. Elhassan; Ahmed M Elhassan; A A Hussein; D Kwiatkowski; H S Mohamed; K Rockett; Muntaser Ibrahim The 5q31 region in two African populations as a facet of natural selection by infectious diseases. Genetika 2013; 49(2):279-88.
18. Amani O. Shakak, Eltahir AG Khalil, Ahmed M Musa, Kawthar AM Salih, Abd Elgadir A Bashir, Ala H Ahmed, Fath Elrahman M Idris and Ahmed M Elhassan. (2013). Prevalence of latent Tuberculosis infection in Sudan: a case-control study comparing interferon-gamma release assay and tuberculin skin test. ). BMC Public Health. 2013 Dec 5; 13(1):1128. [Epub ahead of print].
19. Nagla Mustafa Eltayeb, Moawia Mohamed Mukhtar, Ahmed Babiker Mohamed. Epidemiology of schistosomiasis in Gezira area Central Sudan and analysis of cytokine profiles.  (2013). Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, Volume 6, Issue 2: 119-125
20. Concomitant Infection with Leishmania donovani and L. major in Single Ulcers of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients from Sudan. by Amira Mustafa Babiker, Silvia Ravagnan, Alice Fusaro, Mo’awia Mukhtar Hassan, Sahar Mubarak Bakheit, Moawia Mohamed Mukhtar, Giovanni Cattoli and Gioia Capelli. Journal of Tropical Medicine.2013.
21. Mukhlid Yousif, Hatim Mudawi, Sahar Bakhiet, Dieter Glebe, Anna Kramvis Molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus in liver disease patients and asymptomatic carriers of the virus in Sudan. BMC Infectious Diseases 2013, 13:328 (18 July 2013).
22. Adam AM Ahmed, Amine AA Ahmed, Hassan A Dina, Omer H Waleed, Nour Y Bakri, Jebakumar Zechariah Arulanantham, Ibrahim E Muntaser, Abdulhadi H Nasreldin, Mohamed HS. (2013). Distribution of erythrocyte binding antigen 175 (EBA-175) gene dimorphic alleles in Plasmodium falciparum field isolates from Sudan. BMC Infectious Diseases 2013, 13:469.
23. Alfarouk KO1, Ibrahim ME, Gatenby RA, Brown JS. Riparian ecosystems in human cancers. Evol Appl. 2013 Jan;6(1):46-53. doi: 10.1111/eva.12015. Epub 2012 Oct 10.
24. 26.Gomez F, Tomas G, Ko WY, Ranciaro A, Froment A, Ibrahim M, Lema G, Nyambo TB, Omar SA, Wambebe C, Hirbo JB, Rocha J, Tishkoff SA. Patterns of nucleotide and haplotype diversity at ICAM-1 across global human populations with varying levels of malaria exposure. Hum Genet. 2013 Sep;132(9):987-99. doi: 10.1007/ s00439 -013-1284-5. Epub 2013 Apr 23.
        
    Ali NO, Ibrahim ME, Grant KM, Mottram JC. Molecular cloning, characterization and overexpression of a novel cyclin from Leishmania mexicana.
25. Elhassan AA, Hussein AA, Mohamed HS, Rockett K, Kwiatkowski D, Elhassan AM, Ibrahim ME. The 5q31 region in two African populations as a facet of natural selection by infectious diseases. Genetika. 2013 Feb;49(2):279-88.

1. Eltahir HA, Elhassan AM, Ibrahim ME. Contribution of retinoblastoma LOH and the p53 Arg/Pro polymorphism to cervical cancer. Mol Med Report. 2012 Jun 11. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2012.942.
2. Eltahir HA, Adam AA, Yahia ZA, Ali NF, Mursi DM, Higazi AM, Eid NA, Elhassan AM, Mohammed HS, Ibrahim ME. p53 Codon 72 arginine/proline polymorphism and cancer in Sudan. Mol Biol Rep. 2012 Dec;39(12):10833-6. doi: 10.1007/s11033-012-1978-0. Epub 2012 Oct 8.
3. Elhassan AA, Hussein AA, Mohamed HS, Rockett K, Kwiatkowski D, Elhassan AM, Ibrahim ME. The 5q31 region in two African populations as a facet of natural selection by infectious Diseases. 2013 Feb;49(2):279-
4. Ahmed Musa, Eltahir Khalil, Asrat Hailu, Joseph Olobo, Manica Balasegaram, Raymond Omollo, Tansy Edwards, Brima Musa, Abuzaid Abdalla Abuzaid, Osama Ahmed, Ahmed Fadlalla, Ahmed EL-Hassan (2012). Paromomycin sulphate monotherapy versus Sodium Stibogluconate /paromomycin combination for the treatment of primary visceral leishmaniasis: A multi-center, open, randomized controlled trial, PLoS Negl Trop Dis, Vol 6, 6. e1674.
5. Mahmoud Mudawi El tahir, Asma Mohammed Nur Gamil, Hala Abdelwahab DaffAllah, Ahmed Mudawi Musa. (2012). Prescribing Patterns of Statins in Sudanese Patients, SJRUM, 30 June 2012; (1), 10-12.
6. Elzubair AO, Abbas AA, Fadul MH, Modawi AK, Ali NMI, Jadain AFF, Ahmed NAA, Adam SYA, Ahmed NAM, Kairy AAA & Khalil EAG. (2012). Aflatoxin M₁ in breast milk of nursing Sudanese mothers. Mycotoxin Res, DOI 10.1007/s12550-012-0127x.
7. Musa AM, Khalil EAG, Hailu A. et al. Sodium Stibogluconate (SSG) & Paromomycin Combination Compared to SSG for Visceral Leishmaniasis in East Africa: A Randomised Controlled Trial. PloS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2012; 6: e1674.
8. Elfaki ME, Khalil EA, De Groot AS, Musa AM, Gutiérrez Núñez A, Younis BM, Salih KA, El-Hassan AM. (2012). Immunogenicity and immune modulatory effects of in silico predicted L. donovani candidate peptide vaccines, Hum Vaccin Immunother. 24;8(12).
9. Salim A D, Arbab M A, El Hassan L A, El Hassan A M. Schistosomiasis of the spinal cord: report of 5 cases from Sudan EMR: Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2012,18: 294-7.
10. Sara Noureldyme Mohamed, Eltahir Awad Gasim Khalil, Ahmed Mudawi Musa, Brima Musa Younis, Samia Ali Omer, Abdalla Hassan Sharief & Ahmed Mohamed EL-Hassan (2012). Anti-Leishmania donovani antibodies enhance promastigotes internalization into host macrophage. Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials Vol. 4(7), pp. 110-114, December 2012. Available online http://www.academicjournals.org/JMA. DOI:10.5897/JMA11.047.
11. Omollo, Tansy Edwards, Brima Musa, Abuzaid Abdalla Abuzaid, Osama Ahmed, Ahmed Fadlalla, Ahmed EL-Hassan, Marius Mueller, Juma Rashid (2012). Paromomycin sulphate monotherapy versus Sodium Stibogluconate /paromomycin combination for the treatment of primary visceral leishmaniasis: A multi-center, open, randomized controlled trial PLoS Negl Trop Dis, Vol 6, 6. e1674. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, Vol 6, 6. e1674.
12. Fahal AH, Arbab MAR, EL Hassan AM. Aggressive Clinical Presentation of Mycetoma due to Actinomadura Pelletierii. Khartoum Med J. 2012; 5(1): 699-702.
13. Elimairi I, Elhassan AM, Sulliman AM, Teppa J, Baur DA. Sublingual soft tissue mass. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012 Jan;70(1):e23-7. PubMed PMID: 22182658.
14. Noor AM, Elmardi KA, Abdelgader TM, Patil AP, Amine AA, Bakhiet S, Mukhtar MM, Snow RW.Malaria Risk Mapping for Control in the Republic of Sudan. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012 Oct .
15. Cunningham J, Hasker E, Das P, El Safi S, Goto H, Mondal D, Mbuchi M, Mukhtar M, Rabello A, Rijal S, Sundar S, Wasunna M, Adams E, Menten J, Peeling R, Boelaert M; for the WHO/TDR Visceral Leishmaniasis Laboratory Network. (2012). A Global Comparative Evaluation of Commercial Immunochromatographic Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Visceral Leishmaniasis. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Nov;55(10):1312-1319. Epub 2012 Aug 31.
16. Emad-Aldin Ibrahim Osman, Nagwa Ahmed Abdulrahman, Osman Abbass,Waleed Hussein Omer, Hafi Anwer Saad, Muzamil Mahdi Abdel Hamid. Prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen and Hepatitis C virus antibodies among pre-surgery screened patients in Khartoum, central Sudan. 2012, Vol. 4 (1) pp 4-9. Journal of General and Molecular Virology.
17. Ali NO, Ibrahim ME, Grant KM, Mottram JC.Leishmania mexicana: expression; characterization and activity assessment of E. coli-expressed recombinant CRK3. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2012 Oct;16(10):1338-45

1. Huang L, Jakobsson M, Pemberton TJ, Ibrahim M, Nyambo T, Omar S, Pritchard JK, Tishkoff SA, Rosenberg NA. Haplotype variation and genotype imputation in African populations. Genet Epidemiol. 2011 Dec;35(8):766-80.
2. Diakite M, Achidi EA, Achonduh O, Craik R, Djimde AA, Evehe MS, Green A, Hubbart C, Ibrahim M, Jeffreys A, Khan BK, Kimani F, Kwiatkowski DP, Mbacham WF, Jezan SO, Ouedraogo JB, Rockett K, Rowlands K, Tagelsir N, Tekete MM, Zongo I, Ranford-Cartwright LC (2011). Host candidate gene polymorphisms and clearance of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites. Malar J. 25;10:250.
3. Himeidan YE, Elzaki MM, Kweka EJ, Ibrahim M, Elhassan IM (2011)  Pattern of malaria transmission along the Rahad River basin, Eastern Sudan.Parasit Vectors. 16;4:109.
4. de Vries J, Bull SJ, Doumbo O, Ibrahim M, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Kwiatkowski D, Parker M (2011). Ethical issues in human genomics research in developing countries. BMC Med Ethics. March 2011.
5. Ko WY, Kaercher KA, Giombini E, Marcatili P, Froment A, Ibrahim M, Lema G, Nyambo TB, Omar SA, Wambebe C, Ranciaro A, Hirbo JB, Tishkoff SA (2011). Effects of natural selection and gene conversion on the evolution of human glycophorins coding for MNS blood polymorphisms in malaria-endemic African populations. Am J Hum Genet. 10;88(6):741-54.
6. Mortensen HM, Froment A, Lema G, Bodo JM, Ibrahim M, Nyambo TB, Omar SA, Tishkoff SA. Characterization of genetic variation and natural selection at the arylamine N-acetyltransferase genes in global human populations. Pharmacogenomics. 2011 Nov;12 (11) :1545-58. Epub 2011 Oct 13.
7. Tansy Edwards, Raymond Omollo, Eltahir AG Khalil, Sisay Yifru , Brima Musa, Ahmed Musa, Monique Wasunna, Peter G Smith, Catherine Royce, Sally Ellis, Manica Balasegaram and Asrat Hailu (2011). Single-dose Liposomal Amphotericin B (AmBisome®) for the treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis in East Africa: study protocol for a randomized Controlled trial. Trials. 6;12:66.
8. Ko WY, Kaercher KA, Giombini E, Marcatili P, Froment A, Ibrahim M, Lema G, Nyambo TB, Omar SA, Wambebe C, Ranciaro A, Hirbo JB, Tishkoff SA (2011). Effects of natural selection and gene conversion on the evolution of human glycophorins coding for MNS blood polymorphisms in malaria-endemic African populations. Am J Hum Genet. 10;88(6):741-54.
9. EAG Khalil, AM Musa, BM Younis, MEE Elfaki, EE Zijlstra, AM Elhassan. Blindness following visceral leishmaniasis (2011): a neglected post-Kala-azar complication, Trop Doct. Jul; 41(3):139-40.
10. Khalil EA, Elnour AA, Musa AM, Elagib AA, Hassab Elgawi SH, Ismail WM, Elzaki KE. (2011). Tuberculous Lymphadenitis: markers of disease and healing, West Afr J Med. May-Jun; 30(3):193-96.
11. Louran Z, Ahmed Mudawi Musa, Hanan. M. Tahir, Nazar A. Mohammed, Nazik M Nurelhuda, Muna Hassan Mustafa, Sara Hassan Mustafa, Abualbishr Alshreef, Dina Sami Khalifa, Fatima Elhassan, Intisar Elfadil Saeed, Khalid Abdelmutalab ELmardib, Dalia Yahia M. El Khier, Yara Badreldin Elsheikh, Eltayeb A. Elsayed. (2012). Promoting access to high quality primary health care services in Sudan. http://www.who.int/evidence/en/.
12. Omollo R, Alexander N, Edwards T, Khalil EA, Younis BM, Abuzaid AA, Wasunna M, Njoroge N, Kinoti D, Kirigi G, Dorlo TP, Ellis S, Balasegaram M, Musa AM. (2011). Safety and Efficacy of miltefosine alone and in combination with sodium stibogluconate and liposomal amphotericin B for the treatment of primary visceral leishmaniasis in East Africa: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2011 Jun 30;12(1):166.
13. Edwards T, Omollo R, Khalil EA, Yifru S, Musa B, Musa A, Wasunna M, Smith PG, Royce C, Ellis S, Balasegaram M, Hailu A. Single-dose Liposomal Amphotericin B (AmBisome(R)) for the treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis in East Africa: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. 2011 Mar 6;12 (1):66.
14. Tansy Edwards, Raymond Omollo, Eltahir AG Khalil, Sisay Yifru, Brima Musa, Ahmed Musa, Monique Wasunna, Peter G Smith, Catherine Royce, Sally Ellis. Manica Balasegaram, Asrat Hailu.  Single-dose Liposomal Amphotericin B (AmBisome(R)) for the treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis in East Africa: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2011, 12:66 doi:10.1186/1745-6215-12-66.
15. Raymond Omollo, Neal Alexander, Tansy Edwards, Eltahir AG Khalil, Brima M Younis, Abuzaid A Abuzaid, Monique Wasunna (2011). Safety and Efficacy of miltefosine alone and in combination with sodium stibogluconate and liposomal amphotericin B for the treatment of primary visceral leishmaniasis in East Africa: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2011 Jun 30;12(1):166. [Epub ahead of print].
16. Sara H Hassabelgawi; Ahmed M Musa; Eltahir AG Khalil; Tamrat Abebe, Brima M Younis; Mona EE Elthair; Ahmed M EL-Hassan; Asrat Hailu; Aldert Bart. (2011). Leishmania: Probable genetic hybrids between Leishmania species in Sudanese isolates. Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials; 3(6):142-145.
17. Omer SA; Khalil EAG; Sharief AH; Ali AH. (2011). Pregnancy-associated Malaria in Sudan: Prevalence and possible risk factors. The open Tropical Medicine Journal; 4:6-10.
18. Yousif ME, El Hassan AM. Regression of Kaposi's sarcoma in a Sudanese kidney transplant recipient after conversion to sirolimus: a focus on a common clinical problem. Arab J Nephrol Transplant. 2011 Jan;4(1):49-52.
19. Yousif ME, El Hassan AM. Castleman's disease in a kidney failure patient diagnosed incidentally during transplantation. Arab J Nephrol Transplant. 2011 Jan; 4(1):49-52.
20. Fakiola, Michaela ; Nancy Miller, E. ; Fadl, Manal ; Mohamed, Hiba S. ; Jamieson, Sarra E. ; Francis, Richard W. ; Cordell, Heather J. ; Peacock, Christopher S. Genetic and functional evidence implicating DLL1 as the gene that influences susceptibility to Visceral leishmaniasis at chromosome 6q27. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 204 (3). pp. 467-477. ISSN 0022-1899.
21. Nazik E. Abdullah, Ameera A.M. Adam, Eman H. Khalifa, Lamyaa A.M. EL Hassan, M.E. Ibrahim, K.M. Hamad and A.M. El Hassan. Nasopharyngeal Cancer in Sudan: Epidemiology, Clinical and Histological Characteristics. Clinical Medicine Insights: Ear, Nose and Throat 2011:4 5-11.
22. Adam Ameera A M, Abdullah Nazik E., Khalifa Eman H., El Hassan Lamyaa A.M., Elamin E.M., Hamad K.M., Ibrahim M.E. and ElHassan A.M. Pathology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Sudanese Patients and its Association with Epstein-Barr Virus: A Report from a Single Center in Khartoum.Advances in Tumor Virology 2011:2 1-6.
23. AM Elhassan. Desmoid tumor of the back following removal of a spinal meningioma: a case report. Journal of Arab Medical Schools. Vol 1, No 2 (2011) 1-6.
24. Omer TA, EL Hassan LAM, EL Hassan AM, Fahal AH .A rare presentation of Xanthogranulomatous appendicitis and Caecal Angio-lipoma in one patient. Sudan Med J. 2011; 46(4).
25. Fahal AH, EL Sheik H, El Hassan AM. Venous Varicosity in Mycetoma. Sudan Med J. (2011). 47(1): 20-24.
26. Fahal AH, Rahman I A, El-Hassan AM, EL Rahman ME, Zijlstra EE. The Safety and efficacy of itraconazole in the treatment of patients with eumycetoma due to Madurella mycetomatis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2011; 105(3):127-32.
27. Bashir, A.H.H. and AM El Hassan. Adult Cutaneous Letterer Siwe Langerhan,s Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) in association with H. pylori infection. Single case report (Case & Review). Clinical Reviews and Opinions Vol. 3(4), pp. 45–50, June 2011.
28. Bashir, A.H.H, MA ELtahir and AM ElHassan. Dermatitis Herpetiformis (DH) associatation with H. pylori infection-Single case report & Review. BJMMR, 2011, 1(3): 163-169.
29. Khalil EAG, Musa AM, Younis BM, Elfaki ME, Zijlstra EE, Elhassan AM. Blindness following visceral leishmaniasis: a neglected post-kala-azar complication. Trop Doct. 2011 Jul;41(3):139-40. Epub 2011 Jun 15.
30. Bashir HHS, AL Hassan Lamyaa, Al Hassan AM. Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) associated with Helicobacter pylori infection.Clinical Reviews and Opinions. 2011;3: 2141-2553.
31. EL Hassan A M, Lamyaa A M EL Hassan, A M Musa. (2011). Complement and Glomerulonephritis. In Nour EL Huda’s Textbook of Glomerulonephritis M Nour EL Huda Ed. PP 85-97.
32. Muzamil Mahdi Abdel Hamid, Walter R. Weiss, Edmond J. Remarque,, Ibrahim M. El Hassan, Ayman A. Hussain, David L. Narum, Bart W. Faber and Alan W. Thomas. Malaria Infection by Sporozoite Challenge Induces High Functional Antibody Titres Against Blood Stage Antigens After a DNA Prime, Poxvirus Boost Vaccination Strategy in Rhesus Macaques. Malaria Journal. 10:29, 2011.
33. Edmond J. Remarque, Leonie M. van Duivenvoorde, Clemens H.M. Kocken, Bart W. Faber and Alan W. Thomas. Vaccination with Plasmodium knowlesi Apical Membrane Antigen 1 (AMA1) formulated in the novel adjuvant Co-Vaccine HT™ protects against blood-stage challenge in rhesus macaques.PLoS One. May 2011. Volume 6 Issue 5.
34. Hemeidan E. Yousif , Muzamil Mahdi Abdel Hamid, Christopher M. Jones annd Hillary Robinson. Extensive Permethrin and DDT Resistance in Anopheles arabiensis from Eastern and Central Sudan. Parasites and Vectors, 2011, 4:154.
35. First report on Ambisome associated allergic reaction in two Sudanese Leishmaniasis patients. Mukhtar, Maowia; Aboud, Mona; Kheir, Musa; Bakhiet, Sahar; Abdullah, Nazik; Ali, Ahmed; Elamin, Elwaleed; Elagib, Atif. American Journal Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2011 Oct.85(4):644-645.
36. Claudia Di Blasi; Emanuela Bellafoire; Mustafa A.M. Salih; M. Chiara Mazini; Steven A. Moore; Mohamed Z. Seidahmed; Maowia M. Mukhtar et.al. Variable Disease Severity in Saudi Arabian and Sudanese families with c. 3924+2 T>C mutation of LAMA2. BioMed. Central Research. Notes 2011. http:// www.biomedcentral.com/1756-0500/4/534.
37. Genetic diversity of Lieshmania from Sudan and possible correlation with clinical signs: preliminary results. A. Babiker; S. Ravagnan; A. Salviato; A. Drago; A. Natale; M.M. Hassan; S.M. Bakhiet; M. Osman; G. Capelli and Maowia M. Mukhtar. Giornale itlaiano Di Medicina Tropicale. 2011. 16(3-4): 68-76.

1. Osman E-AI, Hamad K, Fadl Elmula IM, Ibrahim ME (2010) Frequencies of BCR-ABL fusion transcripts among Sudanese Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia patients. Genetics and Molecular Biology (Accepted).

2. Eid NA, Hussein AA, Elzein AM, Mohamed HS, Rockett KA, Kwiatkowski DP, Ibrahim ME. (2010). Candidate malaria susceptibility/protective SNPs in hospital and population-based studies: the effect of sub-structuring. Malaria Journal. 8;9(1):119.

3. Salih NA, Hussain AA, Almugtaba IA, Elzein AM, Elhassan IM, Khalil EA, Ishag HB, Mohammed HS, Kwiatkowski D, Ibrahim ME. (2010) Loss of balancing selection in the betaS globin locus. BMC Med Genet. 3;11:21.

4. Leishmania donovani: Genetic diversity of isolates from Sudan characterized by PCR-based RAPD. (2010). Hamad SH, Khalil EA, Musa AM, Ibrahim ME, Younis BM, Elfaki ME, El-Hassan AM; The leishmaniasis Research Group, Sudan.. Exp Parasitol. 125(4):389-393.

5. Chiaroni J, King RJ, Myres NM, Henn BM, Ducourneau A, Mitchell MJ, Boetsch G, Sheikha I, Lin AA, Nik-Ahd M, Ahmad J, Lattanzi F, Herrera RJ, Ibrahim ME, Brody A, Semino O, Kivisild T, Underhill PA. (2010). The emergence of Y-chromosome haplogroup J1e among Arabic-speaking populations. Eur J Hum Genet. 18(3):348-53.

6. Musa AM, Noazin S, Khalil EA, Modabber F. (2010). Immunological stimulation for the treatment of leishmaniasis: a modality worthy of serious consideration.Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 104(1):1-2.

7. Mahdi M, Walter R. Weiss, Edmond J. Remarque,, Ibrahim M. El Hassan, Ayman A. Hussain, David L. Narum, Bart W. Faber and Alan W. Thomas. Malaria Infection by Sporozoite Challenge Induces High Functional Antibody Titres Against Blood Stage Antigens After a DNA Prime, Poxvirus Boost Vaccination Strategy in Rhesus Macaques. Infection and Immunity. Submitted.

8. Mohammed S.B , Mahdi M., El Hassan IM, Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium falciparum and its Relation to Parasite Density in an Area with Seasonal Malaria in Central Sudan.Jouranl of Vector Borne Diseases, Submitted.

9. Mahdi M., Edmond J. Remarque, Leonie M. van Duivenvoorde, Clemens H.M. Kocken, Bart W. Faber and Alan W. Thomas. Interplay between AMA1 immunisation and parasite challenge lead to protection against malaria infection in rhesus macaques. Infection and Immunity.Submitted.

1. Saeed MYM., Ahmed A H, Elhassan N B, Elhassan AM. 2009. Concomitant tuberculosis and hydatid cyst in a solitary pulmonary nodule of left lower lobe. BMJ Case Reports doi:10.1136/bcr.04.2009.1738.
2. Farouk S., Ibrahim ME, Salih MA, Blackwell JM, Miller Nancy, Khalil EAG, ElHassan AM, Musa AM and Mohamed HS. (2009). Interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms and development of post Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) in a selected Sudanese population. Public Health Genomics.[Epub ahead of print]
3. Hassan DA, Marques C, Santos-Gomes GM, do Rosario VE, Mohamed HS, Elhussein AM, Ibrahim ME, Abdulhadi NH. (2009). Differential expression of cytokine genes among sickle-cell-trait (HbAS) and normal (HbAA) children infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 103(4):283-95
4. Sato H, Takano A, Kawabata H, Une Y, Watanabe H, Mukhtar MM. (2009). Trypanosomoa CF. varani in an imported Ballpython (Python reginus) from Ghana.J Parasitol. 12:
5. Cazeneuve C, Sân C, Ibrahim SA, Mukhtar MM, Kheir MM, Leguern E, Brice A, Salih MA. (2009). A new complex homozygous large rearrangement of the PINK1 gene in a Sudanese family with early onset Parkinson's disease. Neurogenetics.
6. Abbas K, Musatafa MA, Abass S, Kheir MM, Mukhtar M, Elamin EM, Elhassan AM. (2009). Mucosal leishmanias in a Sudanese patient. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 80(6):935-8.
7. Mihaylova V, Salih MA, Mukhtar MM, Abuzeid HA, El-Sadig SM, von der Hagen M, Huebner A, Nürnberg G, Abicht A, Müller JS, Lochmüller H, Guergueltcheva V. (2009). Refinement of the clinical phenotype in Musk-related congenital maysthenic syndrome. Neurology. 1;73(22):1926-8
8. Anheim M, Monga B, Fleury M, Charles P, Barbot C, Salih M, Delaunoy JP, Fritsch M, Arning L, Synofzik M, Schöls L, Sequeiros J, Goizet C, Marelli C, Le Ber I, Koht J, Gazulla J, De Bleecker J, Mukhtar M, Drouot N, Ali-Pacha L, Benhassine T, Chbicheb M, M'Zahem A, Hamri A, Chabrol B, Pouget J, Murphy R, Watanabe M, Coutinho P, Tazir M, Durr A, Brice A, Tranchant C, Koenig M.Brain.Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2: clinical, biological and genotype/phenotype correlation study of a cohort of 90 patients. (2009) 132(Pt 10):2688-98.
9. Blackwell J. M, Fakiola M, Ibrahim M. E., Jamieson S.E., Jeronimo S. B., Miller E. N., Mishra A., Mohamed H. S., Peacock C. S., Raju M., Sundar S. &. Wilson M. E. (2009). Genetics and Visceral Leishmaniasis: of Mice and Man. Parasite Immunology. 31: 254-266.
10. Jallow M, Teo YY, Small KS, et.al, Ibrahim M, ...Kwiatkowski DP. (2009). Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium; Malaria Genomic Epidemiology Network. Genome-wide and fine-resolution association analysis of malaria in West Africa. Nat Genet.
11. Tishkoff SA, Reed FA, Friedlaender FR, Ehret C, Ranciaro A, Froment A, Hirbo JB, Awomoyi AA, Bodo JM, Doumbo O, Ibrahim M, Juma AT, Kotze MJ, Lema G, Moore JH, Mortensen H, Nyambo TB, Omar SA, Powell K, Pretorius GS, Smith MW, Thera MA, Wambebe C, Weber JL, Williams SM. Science. 2009. The genetic structure and history of Africans and African Americans May 22;324(5930):1035-44.
12. Nimir AA, Khalil EA, Musa AM, Yassin HM, El-Hassan AM. (2009). Evaluation of the particle gel diffusion technique for the detection of haemoglobin S in Sudanese patients. Ann Clin Biochem; 46:114-6. Epub
13. Mudawi MME, Sania, Shadad AI, Eltayeb IB, Khalil EAG, AM Musa and Muddathir AK. (2009). The Pharmacodynamic Interactions of Sodium Stibogluconate (SSG) and Paromomycin (PM) on Various Isolated Tissues Preparations, Research Journal of Pharmacology ; 3 (2): 26-30.
14. Sassan Noazin, Ali Khamesipour, Lawrence H. Moulton, Marcel Tanner, Kiumarss Nasseri, Farrokh Modabber, Iraj Sharifi, E.A.G. Khalil, Ivan Dario Velez Bernal, Carlos M.F. Antunes, Peter G. Smith. (2009). Efficacy of killed whole-parasite vaccines in the prevention of leishmaniasis—A meta-analysis. Vaccine 27: 4747–4753.
15. Ahmad M Musa, Sassan Noazin; Eltahir A G Khalil, Farrokh Modabber. (2009). Immunological Stimulation for Treatment of Leishmaniases: A modality worthy of serious consideration. (2009). Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene. In Press. Available on line since 26 August
16. Mugtaba EA Abdalsalam and Eltaher AG Khalil. (2009). Immunophenotypic patterns of cord blood mononuclear cells in a cohort of Sudanese neonates: subtle markers of health and disease. Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry, Volume 76B, Issue 6 (p 394)
17. Saeed MYM, Ahmed AH., Elhassan NB, Elhassan AM. (2009). Concomitant tuberculosis and hydatid cyst in a solitary pulmonary nodule of left lower lobe. BMJ Case Reports doi:10.1136/bcr.04.2009.1738

1. Markos Abebe, Abraham Aseffa., Diana Boraschi, Francesca Chiodi, John Chisi , Gianfranco Del Prete, T. Mark Doherty, Elhassan IM, Howard Engers ,Ben Gyan, Ali Harandi , Thomas Kariuki, Fred Kironde , Bourema Kouriba , Tamas Laskay Donata Medaglini , Ole Olesen, Carla Palma, Robert Sauerwein, Elopy Sibanda ,Ulrich Steinhoff, Aldo Tagliabue,Andreas Thiel,Mahnaz Vahedi,Marita Troye-Blomberg (2008). Immunity to Co-Infections in Poverty-related and Neglected Infectious Diseases: Global Priorities for European Union Research Activities Concept paper Public Library of Science PLos v 2 issue 6 1-4
2. Hassan HY, Underhill PA, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Ibrahim ME. (2008) .Y-chromosome variation among Sudanese: restricted gene flow, concordance with language, geography, and history. Am J Phys Anthropol. 137(3):316-23.
3. Tagelsir N , Salim E, Younis SY, Elimiari G, A/Elgaffar A. A,'Elayeb M A & Elhasan IM (2008). clinico-epidemiological study of falciparum malaria in a cluster of villages in the eastern bank of the River Nile in Northern Sudan, Sudanese Journal of Public Health:, Vol.3 (1) 11-16
4. Teka H, Petros B, Yamuah, Tesfays G. Elhassan IM, Muchohi S, Kokwaro G, Aseffa A, and Engers H. (2008) chloroquine resistant Plasmodium Vivax malaria in Debre Zeit, Ethiopia Malaria Journal.7:220 1-8
5. Hassan DA, A. P. Arez , Mohamed HS, Elhussein AM, Ibrahim ME , and Abdulhadi N.H. (2008). Reduced sequestration of P. falciparum infected erythrocytes among sickle cell trait malaria patients: An in vivo evidence among a West African tribe in Sudan.. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology. 102(8):743-8
6. Ibrahim ME, Mahdi MA, Bereir RE, Giha RS, Wasunna C.(2008) Evolutionary conservation of RNA editing in the genus Leishmania. Infect Genet Evol. 8(3):378-80
7. Sirugo G, Hennig BJ, Adeyemo AA, Matimba A, Newport MJ, Ibrahim ME, Ryckman KK, Tacconelli A, Mariani-Costantini R, Novelli G, Soodyall H, Rotimi CN, Ramesar RS, Tishkoff SA, Williams SM. (2008). Genetic studies of African populations: an overview on disease susceptibility and response to vaccines and therapeutics. Hum Genet.123(6):557-98.
8. Fathelrahman N., El-Hassan L., Mohamed HS and El-Hassan AM. (2008). Burkitt's lymphoma with Particular reference to the disease in Sudan. Khartoum Medical Journal 1, (3): 99-102.
9. Allam MM, Alkadarou TA, Ahmed BG, Elkhair IS, Alansary EH, Ibrahim ME, Elhassan AM, Elhassan IM. Hyper-reactive Malarial Splenomegaly (HMS) in malaria endemic area in Eastern Sudan. Acta Trop. 2008 Feb;105(2):196-9
10. Koenig S, Mehlich AM, Ackermann D, Hamid ME, Saeed NS, Mukhtar M, El Hassan M. Homologous housekeeping proteins in Nocardia--the NoDaMS proteomic database. Front Biosci. 2008 Jan 1;13:842-55
11. Elamin E.M., I.Guizani; S.Guerbouj; M. Gramicia El Hassan A. M.; T. Di Muccio; M.A.Taha ; and Mukhtar M. M.. Identification of Leishmania donovani as a cause of cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Sudan. Trans.Roy. Soc. Trop.Med. Hyg. 2008: 102:54-57
12. Abraham Aseffa; Sayda El-Safi; Asrat Hailu; Jane Mbui; Maowia Mukhtar; Suman Rijal; Shyam Sundar; Monique Wasunna; Joris Menten; Philippe Desjeux; Rosanna W. Peeling. Diagnostic tests for kala-azar at primary care level: a multi-centre study of the freeze-dried DAT, rK39 strip test and KAtex in East-Africa and the Indian subcontinentMarleen Boelaert; Trans.Roy.Soc.Trop.Med. Hyg.2008: 102: 61 – 65
13. Maowia M. Mukhtar,, E.M. Elamin; Sahar M. Bakhiet; and Musa M. Kheir. 2008. Accepted EMRO. First report on Leishmania major/HIV coinfection in a Sudanese patient.
14. Musa AM; Khalil EAG; Mahgoub FA; Hassab Elgawi SH; Modabber F; Elkadaru AMY; Aboud MH; Noazin S; Ghalib HW. & El-Hassan AM. (2008). Immunochemotherapy of persistent post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: a novel approach of treatment. Transactions of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene; 102(1):58-63.
15. Khalil EAG; Musa AM; Elgawi SH; Meshasha A; I Gamar Eldawla; MO Elhassan; KA Eljaleel; Younis BM; Elfaki MEE. & El-Hassan AM. (2008). Revival of a leishmaniasis focus in White Nile state, Sudan. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology. 102(1):79:80.
16. Elagib AH; Ahmed AE; Hussein A; Musa AM; Khalil EAG &El-hassan AM. (2008). Possible predisposing factors for thrombotic cerebrovascular accidents in Sudanese patients. Saudi Medical Journal; vol 29(20): 447-448.
17. Ismail WMA; Khalil EAG; Bygbjerg Ib C; Osman FM; Musa AM & El-Hassan AM. Coverage and efficacy of BCG vaccination in displaced populations: a measure of effectiveness of an Expanded Program of Immunization. Khartoum Medical Journal (in-press).
18. Malaria Genomic Epidemiology Network. A global network for investigating the genomic epidemiology of malaria.. Nature. 2008 Dec 11;456(7223):732-7.
19. Hassan MM; Elamin EM and Mukhtar. Isolation and identification of Leishmania donovani from Phlebotomus orientalis, in an area of eastern Sudan with endemic visceral leishmaniasis. MM. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2008 Sep;102(6):553-5
20. Ali AM, Salih D, Bakheit M, El Hussein AR, Hassan SM, Mukhtar MM, Ahmed JS, Seitzer U .Comparison of the molecular structure of the TaSP gene of Theileria annulata from Sudanese isolates.. 2008. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008 Dec;1149:218-20.
21.  

1. Bereir RE, Hassan HY, Salih NA, Underhill PA, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Hussain AA, Kwiatkowski D, Ibrahim ME (2007) .Co-introgression of Y-chromosome haplogroups and the sickle cell gene across Africa's Sahel. Eur J Hum Genet. 2007 Nov;15(11):1183-5.

2. Sarah A. Tishkoff, Floyed A.Reed, Alessia Ranciaro, Benjamin F. Voight, Courtney C.Babbit, Jesse S. Silverman, Kweli Powell, Holly Mortensen, Jibril. B. Hirbo, Maha Osman, Muntaser Ibrahim, Sabah A. Omar, Jilur Ghori, Suzannah Bumpstead, Jonathan K. Pritchard, Gregory A. Wary, Panos Delouckas(2007). Convergent adaptation in humans: the genetic basis of lactase persistence in Africa. Nature Genetics,39(1):31-40.

3. Ali M.E.eragi; Mohamed E. Hamid; Nageeb S. Saeed; Alla H. Ahmed; Keunhwa Lee; Yoon-Hoh Kook and Maowia M. Mukhtar.2007.Comparative assays of rpoB gene for identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from patients in Sudan. IJTuberc.Lung Dis. 11(6): 1 – 5.

4. Carmignac V, Salih MA, Quijano-Roy S, Marchand S, Al Rayess MM, Mukhtar MM, Urtizberea JA, Labeit S, Guicheney P, Leturcq F, Gautel M, Fardeau M, Campbell KP, Richard I, Estournet B, Ferreiro A. (2007). C-terminal titin deletions cause a novel early-onset myopathy with fatal cardiomyopathy. Ann Neurol. 19;61(4):340-351.

5. El Mubarak HS; Yuksel S; vam Amerongen G; Hulder PG; Mukhtar MM, Osterhaus AD and de Swart R. (2007). Infection of cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) with different wild type measles viruses. J. Gen. Virol. (Pt7): 2028 34.

6. Haroun, M; Mukhtar MM; Hajer IE; Kheir SAM; Ali BE and Barrett T. Detection of viral Ribonucleic acid in tissues, ocular and nasal secretions of valves vaccinated with Rinderpest Bovine old Kabete Strain. International Journal of Molecular Medicine and Advance Sciences . 2007 3(3): 131 – 137.

7. Abbas M. Ahmed; M.M. Mukhtar; A.M. Elhussien; T. A.M. Nour; and M.A. Fadul. Immune repsosne of Sheep vaccinated with combined Anthrax and Capriox vaccine. Research Journal of Animal Sciences . 2007; 1(1): 49-52

8. Abbas. M. Ahmed; A.M. Zakia; M.M. Mukhtar and A.M. Elhussien. Histopathological changes in skin and lymph nodes of sheep following vaccination with Anthrax, Capripox and combined Anthrax and capripox vaccines. Journal of animal and veterinary advances 2007; 6(3):332- 327.

9. Abbas M. Ahmed; M.M. Mukhtar; A.M. Elhussien; T. A.M. Nour; and M.A. Fadul.  Immune response of sheep vaccinated with Capripox Vaccine .Veterinary research 2007. 1(1):12- 16.

10. Abbas M. Ahmed; M.M. Mukhtar; A.M. Elhussien; T. A.M. Nour; and M.A. Fadul .Combined anthrax and sheep pox vaccine: produciotn and immunization trail in Sudan..Journal of animals and veterinary advances. 2007; 6(4); 517-521.

11. Salih MA, Ibrahim ME, Blackwell JM, Miller EN, Khalil EA, ElHassan AM, Musa AM, Mohamed HS. (2007). IFNG and IFNGR1 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in Sudan. Genes Immun. 8 (1):75-8.

12. Miller EN, Fadl M, Mohamed HS, Elzein A, Jamieson SE, Cordell HJ, Peacock CS, Fakiola M, Raju M, Khalil EA, Elhassan A, Musa AM, Ibrahim ME, Blackwell JM. (2007) .   Y chromosome lineage- and village-specific genes on Chromosomes1p22 and 6q27 control visceral leishmaniasis in Sudan.PLoS Genet 3(5):.

13. Ghada Sulaiman; EAG Khalil; IA El-Hag; KE Elsiddig; M EMO Elsafi; ASA Aljafari; AA Elnour; AM Hussein; IM Elkhidir & AM El-Hassan (2007). Circulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis: a possible route of spead. East African Medical Journal; 84(1):3-7.

14. Kaballo BG, Khogali MS, Khalifa EH, Khalil EA, El-Hassan AM, Abu Aisha H. (2007). Patterns of Acute Renal Failure in a referral centre in Sudan: Excluding intensive care and major surgery patients. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl; 18(2):220-5.

15. NM Yousif; AM Musa; AM El-Hassan; EAG Khalil & IM Elhassan. (2007). Anti-Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78) antibody response in Alum/ALM plus BCG vaccine, visceral leishmaniasis and Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis patients. Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences (Sudan JMS); 2(3):175-178.

16. Sharief AH, Khalil EA, Omer SA, Abdalla HS. (2007). Innovative serum-free medium for in vitro cultivation of promastigote forms of Leishmania species.Parasitol Int. 2007 Oct 14 [Epub ahead of print].

17. Bayele, H.K., Peyssonnaux, C., Giatromanolaki, A., Arrais-Silva W.A., Mohamed, H.S Collins, H., Giorgio, S., Koukourakis, M., Johnson, R S, , Blackwell, J.M., Nizet, V. and Srai, S.K.S.(2007). HIF-1 regulates heritable variation and allele expression phenotypes of the macrophage immune response gene SLC11A1 from a Z-DNA-forming Microsatellite. Blood. 110, (8): 3039- 3048

1. Anne-Louise Leutenegger; Mustafa A. Salih; Pablo Ibanez; Maowia M. Mukhtar; et al. Juvenile-onset Parkinsonism as a result of the first mutation in the adenosine triphosate orientation domain of PINK1.. 2006.. Arch. Neurol. 2006; 63:1257-1261.

2. Awadia M. Ali; Mohammed A. Bakhite; Maowia M. Mukhtar. Shawgi M. Hassan; Jabbar S. Ahmed and Ulrike Seizer. Epidemiology of Theileria annulata Infection of Dairy Cattle in the Sudan Using Molecular Techniques. 2006.. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1081: 471–472 (2006)

3. Khalil EAG; Ahmed AE; Musa AM. & Muna H. Hussein. (2006). Antimony-induced cerebellar ataxia. Saudi Medical Journal; 27:90-92.

4. Tag Elsir N, Mohammed Salim EA., Elimiari G, Adam AA, Ahmed ME & Elhasan IM (2006.) A clinico- Epidemiological study of infection falciparum malaria in a cluster of villages in the eastern bank of the river Nile in Northern Sudan. Acta Tropica, 97.

5. Ismail A, Khalil EAG, Musa AM, El Hassan IM, Ibrahim ME, Theander TG & El Hassan AM. (2006). The pathogenesis of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis from the field to the molecule: does ultraviolet light (UVB) radiation play a role? Med Hypotheses. 66(5):993-9.

6. Abd Alla Hassan Sharief; E. A.G. Khalil; Thor Theander; Arsalan Kharazmi; Samia Ali Omer & Muntaser E. Ibrahim. (2006). Leishmania donovani: an in vitro study of antimony-resistant amphotericin B-sensitive isolates. Experimental Parasitology; 114:247-252.

7. EAG Khalil; AM Musa; F Modabber; AM El-Hassan. (2006). Safety & immunogenicity of a candidate vaccine for visceral leishmaniasis (Alum-precipitated autoclaved L.major +BCG) in children: an extended Phase II study.Annals of Trop ical Paediatrics (December 2006).

1. Alla AH, Mahadi SI, Elhassan AM & Ahmed ME (2005). A large giant cell tumor of the sacrum. Advantage of an abdomino-sacral approach. Saudi Med J. 26(1):133-5.

2. Elamin EM, Guerbouj S, Musa AM, Guizani I, Khalil EAG, Mukhtar MM, Elkadaro AM, Mohamed HS, Ibrahim ME, Abdel Hamid MM, El Azhari M & El Hassan AM. (2005). Uncommon clinical presentations of cutaneous leishmaniasisin Sudan. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 99(11):803-8.

3. Hailu A, Musa AM, Royce C & Wasunna M. (2005). Visceral leishmaniasis: new health tools are needed. PLoS Med. 2(7):e211.

4. Khalil EA, Ahmed AE, Musa AM, Hussein MH. Khalil EA, Ayed NB, Ibrahim ME, Mukhtar MM, Zijlstra EE, Elhassan IM, Smith PG, Kieny PM, Ghalib HW, Zicker F, Modabber F & Elhassan AM. (2005). Dichotomy of protective cellular immune responses to human visceral leishmaniasis. Clin Exp Immunol. 140(2):349-53.

5. Mahdi M, Elamin EM, Melville SE, Musa AM, Blackwell JM, Mukhtar MM, Elhassan AM & Ibrahim ME. (2005). Sudanese mucosal leishmaniasis: isolation of a parasite within the Leishmania donovani complex that differs genotypically from L. donovani causing classical visceral leishmaniasis. Infect Genet Evol. 5(1):29-33.

6. Musa AM, Khalil EA, Mahgoub FA, Hamad S, Elkadaru AM & El Hassan AM. (2005).Efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) in the treatment of persistent post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL).Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 99(6):563-9.

1. Musa AM, Khalil EAG, Ismail A, Elhassan IM, Fesharki H, Khamesipour A, Modabber F, Zijlstra EE & El-Hassan AM (2004). Safety, immunogenicity and possible efficacy of Immunochemotherapy of persistent post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. (PKDL) Sudan J Dermatology 2005;Vol 3 (2).

2. Aljafari AS, Khalil EA, Elsiddig KE, El Hag IA, Ibrahim ME, Elsafi ME, Hussein AM, Elkhidir IM, Sulaiman GS & Elhassan AM. (2004). Diagnosis of Tuberculous lymphadenitis by FNAC, microbiological methods and PCR: a comparative study.Cytopathology.15(1):44-8.

3. Eman H. Khalifa, Babikir G. Kaballo, Salma M. Suleiman, Eltahir A.G.Khalil, Ahmed M.El-Hassan. (2004). Pattern of glomerulonephritis in Sudan: histopathological and immunofluorescence study. Saudi J of Kidney Disease and Transplantation; 15 (2):176-179.

4. Blackwell JM., Mohamed HS & Ibrahim ME (2004). Genetics and visceral leishmaniasis in the Sudan: seeking a link. Trends in Parasitology. 20(6): 268-74.

5. El Mubarak HS, Ibrahim SA, Vos HW, Mukhtar MM, Mustafa OA, Wild TF, Osterhaus AD & de Swart RL. (2004). Measles virus protein-specific IgM, IgA, and IgG subclass responses during the acute and convalescent phase of infection. J Med Virol. 72(2):290-8.

6. Mohamed HS, Ibrahim ME Miller EN, White JK, Cordell HJ, Howson JM, Peacock CS, Khalil EAG, El Hassan AM & Blackwell JM (2004). SLCIIAI (formally NRAMP) and susceptibility to Visceral leishmaniasis ine the Sudan.European Journal of Human Genetics. 12,66-74. Sudan: seeking a link. Trends in Parasitology. 20(6):268-74

7. Shigidi MM, Hashim RA, Idris MN, Mukhtar MM & Sokrab TE (2004). Parasite diversity in adult patients with cerebral malaria: a hospital-based, case-control study. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 71(6):754-7.

8. Tageldien A, Nour M, Ibrahim ME & Elhussein AM (2004) .Evidence for Virus Population Heterogeneity in the Sheep and Goat Pox Vaccine Strain 0240. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 3 (6): 366-370.

1. Abdo MG, Elamin WM, Khalil EAG & Mukhtar MM (2003). Antimony-resistant Leishmania donovani in eastern Sudan: incidence and in vitro correlation. East Mediterr Health J. 9(4):837-43.

2. Ali NO, Ibrahim ME, Aradaib IE, Grant KM & Mottram JC (2003). An investigation of crk protein kinases of leishmania and the assessment of their potential as drug targets.Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2A): 571-572

3. Bereir Re, Mohamed HS, Seielstad M, El Hassan AM, Khalid EA, Peacock CS, Blackwell JM & Ibrahim ME (2003). Allele frequency and genotype distribution of polymorphisms with in disease-related genes is influenced by ethnic population sub-structuring in Sudan. Genetica. 119(1):57-63.

4. Blackwell JM, Searle S, Mohamed HS & White JK (2003). Divalent cation transport and susceptibility to infectious and autoimmune disease: Continuation of the Ity/Lsh/Bcg/Nramp1/Slc11a1 gene story.Immunology Letters. 22;85(2):197-203

5. Elsiddig KE, Khalil EAG, Elhag IA, Elsafi ME, Suleima GM, Elkhidir IM, Hussein AM & El-Hassan AM (2003). Granulomatous mammary disease: ten years' experience with fine needle aspiration cytology. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 7(4):365-9.

6. Kamil AA, Khalil EA, Musa AM, Modabber F, Mukhtar MM, Ibrahim ME, Zijlstra EE, Sacks D, Smith PG, Zicker F & El-Hassan AM (2003). Alum-precipitated autoclaved Leishmania major plus bacille Calmette-Guerrin, a candidate vaccine for visceral leishmaniasis: safety, skin-delayed type hypersensitivity response and dose finding in healthy volunteers. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 97(3):365-8.

7. Mohamed HS, Ibrahim ME, Miller NE, Peacock CS, Khalil EAG, Cordell HJ, Howson JM, El Hassan AM, Bereir RE & Blackwell JM (2003). Genetic susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis in the Sudan: Linkage and association with IL4 and IFNGR1. Genes and Immunity. 4,351-355.

8. Mulugeta E, El-Bakri N, Karlsson E, Elhassan A & Adem A.(2003). Loss of muscarinic M4 receptors in spinal cord of arthritic rats: implications for a role of M4 receptors in pain response. Brain Res. 2003; 29;982(2):284-7.

9. Zijlstra EE, Musa AM, Khalil EAG, El-Hassan IM & Elhassan AM (2003). Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Lancet Infect Dis. 3(2):87-98. Review

1. Ali MM, Mukhtar MM, Baraka OZ, Homeida MM, Kheir MM & Mackenzie CD. (2002).Immunocompetence may be Important in The Effectiveness of Mectizan® (ivermectin) in the Treatment of Human . Acta Trop. 84(1):49-53.

2. Elhassan LA, Khalil EAG & Elhassan AM. (2002). Socio-cultural aspects of leprosy among the Masalit and Hawsa tribes in the Sudan. Lepr Rev. 73(1):20-8.

3. El Mubarak HS, van de Bildt MW, Mustafa OA, Vos HW, Mukhtar MM, Ibrahim SA, Andeweg AC, El Hassan AM, Osterhaus AD & de Swart RL (2002). Genetic characterization of wild-type measles viruses circulating in suburban Khartoum 1997-2000. J Gen Virol. 83(Pt 6):1437-43.

4. Fadl-Elmula I, Kytola S & Heim S (2002). Chromosomal aberrations in benign and malignant BMC Cancer. 22;2(1):5.

5. Haroun MI, Hajer IE, Mukhtar MM & Ali BE (2002). Detection of antibodies against Peste des petitis ruminants virus in sera of cattle, camel, sheep and goats in Sudan. Vet.Res. Communications. 26: 1-5.

6. Ibrahim SA, Mustafa OM, Mukhtar MM, Saleh EA, El Mubarak HS, Abdallah A, El-Hassan AM, Osterhaus AD, Groen J, De Swart RL & Zijlstra EE (2002). Measles in suburban Khartoum: an epidemiological and clinical study. Trop Med Int Health. 2002 May;7(5):442-9.

7. Khalil EAG, Zijlstra EE, Kager PA & El Hassan AM (2002). Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of Leishmania donovani infection in two villages in an endemic area in eastern Sudan. Trop Med Int Health. 7(1):35-44.

8. Masri MA, Abdel Seed NM, Fahal AH, Romano M3 , Baralle F, El Hassan AM & Ibrahim ME (2002). Minor Role for BRCA2 (exon11) and p53(Exon 5-9) among Sudanese breast cancer patients. Breast CancerResearch and Breast Cancer Res Treat 71(2):145-7

9. Musa AM, Khalil EA, Raheem MA, Zijlstra EE, Ibrahim ME, Elhassan IM, Mukhtar MM & El Hassan AM. (200). The natural history of Sudanese post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: clinical, immunological and prognostic features. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2002; 96(8):765-72.

10. Staalsoe T, Hamad AA, Hviid L, Elhassan IM, Arnot DE & Theander TG. (2002). In vivo switching between variant surface antigens in human Plasmodium falciparum infection. J Infect Dis. 2002 Sep 1;186(5):719-22. Epub 2002 Aug
    

1. Ali AS & Mukhtar MM. (2001). Measurement of cell mediated immunity to infectious bursal disease virus and fowl pox virus. Sudan J. Vet. Sci. Animal. Husb.40 (1-2) 8-12.

2. Mukhtar MM (2001). Visceral Leishmaniasis Molecular Epidemiology:Parasite and host immune factors associated with Post Kalazar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) in Sudan. WHO/TDR/EMRO Publications.

3. Blackwell JM, Goswami T, Evans CA, Sibthorpe D, Papo N, White JK, Searle S, Miller EN, Peacock CS, Mohamed HS & Ibrahim M (2001). SLC11A1 (formerly NRAMP1) and disease resistance. Cell Microbiol. 3(12): 773-84.

4. Cavanagh DR, Dobano C, Elhassan IM, Marsh K, Elhassan A, Hviid L, Khalil EA, Theander TG, Arnot DE & McBride JS (2001). Differential patterns of human immunoglobulin G subclass responses to distinct regions of a single protein, the merozoite surface protein 1 of Plasmodium falciparum. Infect Immun. 69(2):1207-11.

5. de Swart RL, El Mubarak HS, Vos HW, Mustafa OM, Abdallah A, Groen J, Mukhtar MM, Zijlstra EE, El Hassan AM, Wild TF, Ibrahim SA & Osterhaus AD. (2001). Prevention of measles in Sudan: a prospective study on vaccination, diagnosis and epidemiology. Vaccine. 21;19(17-19):2254-7.

6. El Hassan AM & Khalil EA. (2001). Short communication:Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: does it play a role in the transmission of Leishmania donovani in the Sudan? Trop Med Int Health. 6(9):743-4.

7. El-Eragi AM, Mukhtar MM & Babiker SH. (2001). Specific antibodies of Pasteurella multocida in newborn calves of vaccinated dams. Trop Anim Health Prod. 33(4):275-83.

8. Elhassan AM, Adem A, Papadogiannakis N, Suliman I, Gad A & Lindgren JU. (2001). Intracerebroventricular administration of somatostatin prevents and attenuates adjuvant arthritis. J Neuroimmunol. 116(1):15-20.

9. El-Hassan AM & Zijlstra EE. (2001) Leishmaniasis in Sudan.1 Cutaneous leishmaniasis.Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2001 Apr;95 Suppl 1:S1-17.

10. El-Hassan AM & Zijlstra EE. (2001). Leishmaniasis in Sudan.2 Mucosal leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 95 Suppl 1:S19-26.

11. Higazi TB, Katholi CR, Mahmoud BM, Baraka OZ, Mukhtar MM, Qubati YA & Unnasch TR. (2001). Onchocerca volvulus: genetic diversity of parasite isolates from Sudan. Exp Parasitol. 97(1):24-34.

12. Satti IN, Osman HY, Daifalla NS, Younis SA, Khalil EAG, Zijlstra EE, El Hassan AM & Ghalib HW. (2001). Immunogenicity and safety of autoclaved Leishmania major plus BCG vaccine in healthy Sudanese volunteers Vaccine. 19(15-16):2100-6.

13. Suliman IA, Elhassan AM, Adem A, El-Bakri NK & Lindgren JU. (2001). Changes in tissue levels of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, and somatostatin in the femurs of hind-limb immobilized rats. Acta Orthop Scand. 72(2):186-91.

14. Zijlstra EE & El-Hassan AM. (2001). Leishmaniasis in Sudan.3 Visceral leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 95 Suppl 1:S27-58.

15. Zijlstra EE, Nur Y, Desjeux P, Khalil EAG, El-Hassan AM & Groen J. (2001). Diagnosing visceral leishmaniasis with the recombinant K39 strip test: experience from the Sudan. Trop Med Int Health. 6(2):108-13.

1. samil MH, Mukhtar MM & Hager IE (2000). Pathogenesis of RBOK vaccine and Rinderpest virus Saudi 1/81 virulent strain in susceptible Angus breed calves. Sudan J. Vet. Res. 16:21-26.

2. Hamad AA, El Hassan IM, Ahmed GI, El Khalifa AA, Abdelrahim SA, Theander TG & Arnot D. (2000). Chronic P .falciparum infections in an area of low intensity malaria transmission in the Sudan. Parasitology 120: 447-456.

3. El Mubarak HS, Van De Bildt MW, Mustafa OA, Vos HW, Mukhtar MM, Groen J, El Hassan AM, Niesters HG, Ibrahim SA, Zijlstra EE, Wild TF, Osterhaus AD & De Swart RL. (2000). Serological and virological characterization of clinically diagnosed cases of measles in suburban Khartoum. J Clin Microbiol. 38(3):987-91.

4. El Sayed BB, Arnot DE, Mukhtar MM, Baraka OZ, Dafalla AA, Elnaiem DE & Nugud AH. (2000). A study of the urban malaria transmission problem in Khartoum.Acta Trop. 25; 75(2):163-71.

5. Gasim S, Elhassan AM, Kharazmi A, Khalil EA, Ismail A & Theander TG. (2000). The development of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is associated with acquisition of Leishmania reactivity by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Clin Exp Immunol. 119(3):523-9.

6. Gasim S, Theander TG & ElHassan AM. (2000). High levels of C-reactive protein in the peripheral blood during visceral leishmaniasis predict subsequent development of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Acta Trop. 75(1):35-8.

7. Higazi TB, Boakye DA, Wilson MD, Mahmoud BM, Baraka OZ, Mukhtar MM & Unnasch TR. (2000). Cytotaxonomic and molecular analysis of Simulium (Edwardsellum) damnosum sensu lato (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Abu Hamed, Sudan. J Med Entomol. 37(4):547-53.

8. Khalil EAG, El Hassan AM, Zijlstra EE, Mukhtar MM, Ghalib HW, Musa B, Ibrahim ME, Kamil AA, Elsheikh M, Babiker A & Modabber F. Autoclaved Leishmania major vaccine for prevention of visceral leishmaniasis: a andomized, double-blind, BCG-controlled trial in Sudan. Lancet. 2000 Nov 4;356(9241):1565-9.

9. Khalil EAG, Elhassan AM, Zijlstra EE, Osman OF, Eljack IA, Ibrahim ME, Mukhtar MM, Ghalib HW & Modabbers F. (2000). Safety and immunogenicity of an autoclaved Leishmania major vaccine. East Afr Med J. 77(9):468-70.

10. Khalil EAG, Elsiddig, KE, Elsafi MEMO, El-Hag, Elkhidir IM, Suleiman G, Hussein AM, Ibrahim ME. & Elhassan A.M (2000). Supra-sternal tuberculous abscess: a report of three cases. Medicine and Hygiene 94:1-3

11. Kheir MM, Baraka OZ, el-Tom IA, Mukhtar MM & Homieda MM. (2000). Effects of single-dose praziquantel on morbidity and mortality resulting from intestinal schistosomiasis. East Mediterr Health J. 6(5-6):926-31.

12. Mukhtar MM, Sharief AH, el Saffi SH, Harith AE, Higazzi TB, Adam AM & Abdalla HS. Detection of antibodies to Leishmania donovani in animals in a kala-azar endemic region in eastern Sudan: a preliminary report.Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2000 Jan-Feb;94(1):33-6.

13. Suliman IA, Adem A, El-Bakri N, Elhassan AM & Lindgren JU. (2000). Intracerebroventricular met-enkephalin administration modulates adjuvant arthritis. Brain Res. 2000 Oct 6;879(1-2):23-8.

14. Timoney JF, Mukhtar MM, Underhill PA, Shen P, Lin A, Passarino G, Yang WH, Kauffiman E, Bonne-Tamir B, Bertranpetit J, Francalacci P, Ibrahim M, Jenkins T, Kidd JR, Mehdi SQ, Seielstad MT, Wells RS, Piazza A, Davis RW, Feldman MW, Cavalli-Sfroza LL & Oefner PJ. (2000). Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations.Nature Genet. 26:358-361

15. Zijlstra EE, Khalil EAG, Kager PA & El-Hassan AM. (2000). Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in the Sudan: clinical presentation and differential diagnosis.Br J Dermatol. 143(1):136-43.

1. Ahmed AO, Mukhtar MM, Kools-Sijmons M, Fahal AH, de Hoog S, van den Ende BG, Zijlstra EE, Verbrugh H, Abugroun ES, Elhassan AM & van Belkum A. (1999). Development of a species-specific PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis procedure for identification of Madurella mycetomatis. J Clin Microbiol. 37(10):3175-8.

2. Ibrahim ME, Lambson B, Yousif AO, Deifalla NS, Alnaiem DA, Ismail A, Yousif H, Ghalib HW, Khalil EAG, Kadaro A, Barker DC & El Hassan AM. (1999). Kala-azar in a high transmission focus: an ethnic and geographic dimension. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 61(6):941-4.

3. Fonjungo PN, Elhassan IM, Cavanagh DR, Theander TG, Hviid L, Roper C, Arnot DE & McBride JS. (1999). A longitudinal study of human antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum rhoptry-associated protein 1 in a region of seasonal and unstable malaria transmission. Infect Immun. 67(6):2975-85.

4. Gaafar A, Veress B, Permin H, Kharazmi A, Theander T.G & El-Hassan AM. (1999). Characterization of the local and systemic Immune responses in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major. Clin. Immunol. ; 91(3): 314-20.

5. Giha HA, Staalsoe T, Dodoo D, Elhassan IM, Roper C, Satti GM, Arnot DE, Hviid L & Theander TG. (1999). Overlapping antigenic repertoires of variant antigens expressed on the surface of erythrocytes infected by Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitology. 119 ( Pt 1):7-17.

6. Giha HA, Staalsoe T, Dodoo D, Elhassan IM, Roper C, Satti GM, Arnot DE, Theander TG & Hviid L. (1999). Nine-year longitudinal study of antibodies to variant antigens on the surface of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. Infect Immun. 67(8):4092-8.

7. Ibrahim ME, Lambson B, Osman A, Daifalla N, Yousif H, Al Naeem DA, Khalil EAG, Kadaru A, Ghalib HW, Barker DC & El Hassan AM (1999) Kala-azar in transmission foci: An ethnic and geographical dimension..A m J Trop Med Hyg, 61,941-944.

8. Khalil EAG, Elhassan L, Ismail A, Zijlstra EE & Elhassan AM. (1999). Leprosy in an endemic focus in the Sudan. East African Medical Journal; 76(11): 35-38.

9. Kharazmi A, Kemp K, Ismail A, Gasim S, Gaafar A, Kurtzhals JA, EL Hassan AM, Theander TG & Kemp M. (1999). T-cell Responses in human leishmaniasis. Immunol. Lett.; 65(1-2): 105-8.

10. Seielstad M, Bekele E, Ibrahim M, Toure A & Traore M. (1999). Y chromosome microsattelite diversity and a recent African origin modern human, Genome Research, 9,558-67

1. Cavangh DR, Elhassan IM, Roper C, Robinson VJ, Giha H, Holder AA, Hviid L, Theander TG, Arnot DE & McBride JS. (1998). A longitudinal study of type-specific antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-1 in an area of unstable malaria in Sudan. J Immunol. 1; 161(1): 347-59.

2. El Hassan AM, Khalil EAG, El Sheikh EA, Zijlstra EE, Osman A & Ibrahim ME. (1998). Post kala-azar ocular leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 92:177-179.

3. Fahal AH, El Hassan AM, Abdelalla AO & Sheik HE. (1998). Cystic mycetoma: an unusual clinical presentation of Madurella mycetomatis infection. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 92:66-67.

4. Gasim S, El Hassan AM, Khalil EAG, Ismail A, Kadaru AM, Kharazmi A & Theander TG. (1998). High levels of plasma IL-10 and expression of IL-10 by keratinocytes during visceral leishmaniasis predict Subsequent development pf post kala azar dermal leishmainasis. Ann. Exp. Immunol. 111:64-69.

5. Giha HA, Theander TG, Staalso T, Roper C, Elhassan IM, Babiker H, Satti GM, Arnot DE & Hviid L. (1998). Seasonal variation in agglutination of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 58(4):399-405.

6. Khalil EAG, El Hassan AM, Zijlstra EE, Hashim FA, Ibrahim ME, Ghalib HW & Ali MS. (1998). Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis with sodium stibogluconate in Sudan: management of those who do not respond. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 92(2):151-8.

7. Khalil EAG, Hasim FA, Ghalib HW, Zijlstra EE, El Hag IA, Satti M, Mustafa MD, Kordofani A, El-Safi S, Hag Ali M, Siddig A & El Hassan AM. (1998). A comparative study of Liposomal Amphotericin B (AmBisome) and sodium stibogluconate in the treatment of kala-azar in Sudan. East African Med J, 75(8): 37-45.

8. Mukhtar MM, Khier MM, Baraka OZ & Homeida MM. (1998). The burden of Onchocerca volvulus in Sudan. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 92 Suppl 1:S129-31.

9. Oskam L, Pratlong F, Zijlstra EE, Kroon CCM, Dedet JP, Kager, PA, Schonian G, Ghalib HW & El Hassan AM Meredith SEO. (1998). Biochemical and molecular characterization of leishmania parasites isolated from an endemic focus in eastern Sudan. 92: 120-122.

10. Osman OF, Oskam L, Kroon NC, Schoone GJ, Khalil EAG, El-Hassan AM, Zijlstra EE & Kager PA. (1998). Use of PCR for diagnosis of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. J Clin Microbiol. 36(6): 1621-4.

11. Roper C, Richardson W, Elhassan IM, Giha H, Hviid L, Satti GM, Theander TG, & Arnot DE. (1998). Seasonal changes in the Plasmodium falciparum population in individuals and their relationship to clinical malaria: a longitudinal study in a Sudanese village. Parasitology. 116 (Pt 6): 501-10.

12. Saeed AM, Khalil EAG, Hashim FA, Elhassan AM, Fandrey J & Jelkmann W. (1998). Serum erythropoietin concentration in anaemia of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) before and during antimonial therapy. Br J Haematol,100(4): 720-4.

13. Staalso T, Khalil EA, Elhassan IM, Zijlstra EE, Elhassan AM, Giha HA, Theander TG & Jakobsen PH. (1998). Antibody reactivity to conserved linear epitopes of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane Protein 1 (PfEMP1). Immunology letters, 60:121- 126.

14. Yagi, HI, Fahal AH, Gadir AEA & El Hassan AM. (1998). Mycetoma of the Mastoid bone. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 92:68.

15. Zijlstra EE, Daifalla NS, Kager PA, Khalil EA, El-Hassan AM, Reed SG & Ghalib HW. (1998). rK39 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of Leishmania donovani infection. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. (5):717-20.

1. Andresen K, Gasim S, Elhassan AM, Khalil EA, Barker DC, Theander TG & Kharazmi A. (1997). Diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis by the polymerase chain reaction using blood, bone marrow and lymph node samples from patients from the Sudan. Trop Med Int Health. 2(5):440-4.

2. Aradaib IE, Mohamed FH, Kmukhtar M, Ghalib HW & Osburn BI. (1997). Serodiagnosis and topotyping of Sudanese and United States of Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus using polymerase chain reaction. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 211-218.

3. El Hassan AM & El Hassan LA. (1997). Recent advances in visceral leishmaniasis. Alpa Adna Microbiology Journal. 6(102): 23-33.

4. Fahal AH, El Hag IA, Gadir AFA, El Lider A, Lider AR, ElHassan AM, Barka OZ, Gumaa SA & Mahoub ES. (1997). The blood supply in mycetoma. J. Med. & Vet. Mycology, 35: 101-6.

5. Fahal AH, Sheikh HE, ElLidir MA, Homeida MA, El Arabi YE & Mahgoub ES. (1997). Ultrasonic imagin in mycetoma. British Journal of Surgery. Br. J. Surg . 84(80): 1120-1122.

6. Ibrahim ME, Suliman A, Hashim FA, Khalil EAG, Evans DA , Kharazmi A & ELHassan AM. (1997) Oro-nasal leishmaniasis coused by a parasite of an unused lisoenzyme profile. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene:56:96-98.

7. Ismail A, Kharazmi A, Permin H & El Hassan AM. (1997). Detection and characterization of Leishmanania in tissues of patients with post- kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis using a specific monoclonal antibody. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 91(3): 283.

8. Osman OF, Kager PA, Zijlstra EE, El Hassan AM & Oskam L. (1997). Use of PCR on lymph node samples as test of cure of visceral leishmaniasis. Ann. Trop. Med. parasitol. 92:845-850.

9. Osman OF, Oskam L, Zijlstra EE, Kroon NMC, Schoon GJ, Khalil EAG, El Hassan AM & Kager PA. (1997). Evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis Antimicrobical Agents and Chemother. J. Clin. Microbiol. 32(10): 2454-7.

10. Zijlstra EE, Osman OF, Hofland HWC, Oskam L, Ghalib HW, El Hassan AM, Kager PA & Meredith SEO. (1997). The application of the direct agglutination test in the diagnosis of kala-zar under field conditions in the Sudan: a comparison between aqueos and free-dried antigens. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 91: 671-673.

1. Andersen K, Ibrahim ME, Theander TG, Elhassan AM & Kharzmi A. (1996). Diversity among Leishmania isolates from the Sudan, isoenzyme heterogeneity of L.donovani versus heterogeneity of L. major. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 90: 204-205.

2. Andresen K, Ibrahim ME, Theander TG & Kharazmi A (1996). Random amplified polymorphic DNA for the differentiation of Leishmania donovani isolates from Sudan. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 90,204-205.

3. Andresen K, Gaafar A, El-Hassan AM, Ismail A, Dafalla M, Theander TG & Kharazmi A. (1996). Evaluation of the polymerase chains reaction in the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania major a comparison with direct microscopy of smears and sections from lesions. Trans-R-Soc-Trop-Med-Hyg. 90(2): 133-5.

4. Bashier AH, Abdin I, Elhassan M, Sanhouri M & Ahmed ME. (1996). Solitary thyroid nodule in Khartoum. East Afr Med J. 73(10):694-6.

5. El Hag IA, Fahal AH & Khalil EAG. (1996). Fine Needle Aspiration cytology of Mycetoma. Acta Cytologica. 40(3): 461-464.

6. El Hassan A M, El Kadaru A Y, Khalil EAG & El Hassan M. M. (1996). The pathology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Sudan, a comparison with that in other geographical areas. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasol. 90 (5): 485.

7. El Hassan AM, Hashim FA & Khalil EAG. (1996). Neurologic manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar). A review and presentation of new findings. Lab. Medica; 13:8-14.

8. Fahal AH, Ateig ME, Sulaiman SH, El Razig SA & Maghgoub ES. (1996). Lack of associations between ABO blood groups and Rh factor and tendency to develop mycetoma. East African Medical Journal, 11: 769 (letter).

9. Fahal, A. H., Sadig, M. & Razig, S. A. (1996). Blood types in mycetoma. East Afr Med J. 73 (11):771.

10. Fahal AH, Sharfi AR, Sheikh HE & El Hassan AM. (1996). Mycetoma: Uncommon Complication. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 89: 550.

11. Fahal AH, Sharfi AR, Sheik HE, El-Hassan AM & Mahgoub ES. (1996). Internal fistula formation: an unusual complication of mycetoma. Trans-R-Soc-Trop-Med-Hyg. 90(5): 550-2.

12. Fahal AH, Sheikh HE & El Hassan AM. (1996). Pathological fracture in mycetoma. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med Hyg. 90; 90:675.

13. Fahal AH, Yagi HI & El Hassan AM. (1996). Mycetoma induced palatal deficiency and pharyngeal plexus dysfunction. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 90:676.

14. Gaafar A, Ismail A, el Kadaro AY, Hashim E, Khalil EA & el Hassan AM. (1996). Necrotizing and suppurative lymphadenitis in Leishmania major infections. Trop Med Int Health. (2):243-50.

15. Ibrahim ME (1996) The changing face of leishmaniasis in Sudan: a molecular biology perspective. (Abstract) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 90.

16. Jensen AT, Gaafar A, Ismail A, Christensen CB, Kemp M, El Hassan AM, Kharazmi A & Theander TG. (1996). Serodiagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis assessment of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a peptide sequence for gene B protein. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 55: 490-495.

17. Khalil EAG, Zijlstra EE, El hassan AM & Davidson RN. (1996). Failure of a combination of tow antifungal drugs, terbanifine plus itraconazole, in Sudanese post Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 90: 187-188.

18. Mohamed ARO, Fahal & Venge, V. (1996). Immunoglobulin and inflammatory markers profile in mycetoma. East African Medical Journal. 73(4): 212.

19. Obeid, A.I., Bagadi, H.O. & Mukhtar, M. (1996). Mastitis in Camelus romedaries and the somatic cell content of camels’ milk. Res. Vet. Sci. 61(1): 55-58.

20. Mohammed ME, Aradaib IE, Mukhtar MM, Ghalib HW, Riemann HP, Oyejide A & Osburn BI. (1996). Application of molecular biological techniques for detection of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV-318) recovered from a sentinel calf in central Sudan. Vet Microbiol. 52(3-4):201-8.

21. Obied AI, Bagadi HO & Mukhtar MM. (1999). Mastitis in Camelus romedaries and the somatic cell content of camels' milk. Res Vet Sci. 61(1):55-8.

22. Roper C, Elhassan IM, Hviid L, Giha H, Richardson W, Babiker H, Satti GM, Theander TG & Arnot DE. (1996). Detection of very low level Plasmodium falciparum infections using the nested polymerase chain reaction and a reassessment of the epidemiology of unstable malaria in Sudan. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 54(4):325-31.

23. Yagi H, El Bahari S, Mohamed HA, Sid Ahmed E, Mustafa B, Mahmoud M, Saad M B, Sulaiman SM & El Hassan AM. (1996). The Marrara syndrome: a hypersensitivity reaction of the upper respiratory tract and buccopharyngeal mucosa to nymphs of Linguata serrata. Acta Tropica, 62: 127.

1. Ahmed AI, Gadir AFA, Hashim FA, El kadaro AY, Zijlstra EE & El Hassan AM. (1995). Clinical features and pathology of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) in the Sudan. Sud. Med. J., 33: 7-12.

2. El Hassan AM, Meredith SEO, Yagi HI, Khalil EAG, Ghalib HW, Abbas K, Zijlstra EE, Kroon CCM, Schoon GJ & Ismail A. (1995). Sudan mucosal leishmaniasis: Epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, immune response and treatment. Trans, Roy, Soc. Trop Med Hyg. 89: 647-652.

3. El Hassan AM, Zijlstra EE, Ismail A & Ghalib HW. (1995). Recent observations on the epidemiology of kala-azar in the eastern and central states of the Sudan.Trop Geogr. Med. 47: 151.

4. El Hassan AM, El Toum IA & Batoul MA Elasha. (1995). The marrara syndrome: isolation of Linguatula serrata from a patient and viscera of goats. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 85:309.

5. El Hassan, A.M., Zijlstra, E.E., Khalil, E.A.G., Ghalib, H.W. & Ismail, A. (1995). The spectrum of Leishmania donovani infection in Salala village, Gedaref State A longitudinal study. Sud. Med. J., 33:63-66.

6. ElHassan AM, Gaafar A & Theander TG. (1995). Antigen-presenting cells in human cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major. Clin Exp Immunol.99(3):445-53

7. Elhassan AM, Lindgren JU, Hultenby K, Bergstrom J, Adem A. el-Hassan AM, Meredith SE, Yagi HI, Khalil EAG, Ghalib HW, Abbas K, Zijlstra EE, Kroon CC, Schoone GJ & Ismail A. Sudanese mucosal leishmaniasis: epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, immune responses and treatment. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1995 Nov-Dec;89(6):647-52.

8. Elhassan IM, Hviid L, Jakobsen PH, Giha H, Satti GM, Arnot DE, Jensen JB & Theander TG. High proportion of subclinical Plasmodium falciparum infections in an area of seasonal and unstable malaria in Sudan. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 53(1):78-83.

9. Fahal AH, El Razig SA, Sulaiman SH, Ibrahim SZ & Tigani AE. (1995). Gastrointestinal tract cancer in association with hepatitis and HIV infection. East African Medical Journal, 72 (7): 424.

10. Fahal AH, El Toum EA, Gumaa SA. Mahgoub E S & El Hassan AM. (1995). Host tissue reaction to Madurella mycetomatis: New classification. J. Med. Vet. Mycol, 33:103-106.

11. Fahal AH, Omer, S.M., El Razig, S.A., Mahdi, E.M.A. & Mahgoub, E. S. (1995). Thyroid Function in mycetoma patients. East. Afr. Med. J, 72 (7): 6-48.

12. Fahal AH, Sulaiman SH, Aziz KAA, Gumaa SA & Mahgoub ES. (1995). Dual infection with mycetoma and tuberculosis, East. Afr. Med. J, 72: 62- 63.

13. Gaafar A, El Kadarow AY, Theander TG, Permin H, Ismael A, Kharazmi A & El Hassan AM. (1995). The pathology of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major in the Sudan. A comparison of two histological methods of classification of the lesion. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 52: 438- 442.

14. Gaafar A, Ismail A, Kadaro AY, Hashim F, Khalil EAG & El Hassan AM. (1995). Necrotizing and suppurative lymphadenitis in Leishmania major infection. J. Trop Med Internal Health. 1(2): 243-250.

15. Gaafar A, Moller T, Kharazmi A, Theander TG & Kemp M. (1995). T-cell subsets in leishmaniasis. Sud. Med. J, 33: 45-54.

16. Ghalib HW, Whittle JA, Kubin M, Hashim FA, El Hassan AM, Grabstein KH, Trinchier G & Reed SG. (1995). 1L-12 enhances Th1 type responses in human Leishmania donovani infections. J. Immunol. 154: 4623-4629.

17. Hashim FA, Khalil EAG, Ismail A & El Hassan AM. (1995). Apparently successful treatment of two cases of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis with liposomal amphotericin B. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 89(4):440.

18. Hashim FA, Ahmed AE, El Hassan AM, El Mubarak MH, Ibrahim ME, Yagi H & Ali MS. (1995). Neurological changes in visceral leishmaniasis. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 52:149-154.

19. Ibrahim, ME, Evans DA, Theander TG, El Hassan AM & Kharazmi A. (1995). Diversity among Leishmania isolates from the Sudan: isoenzyme homogenity of L. donovani versus heterogeneity of L. major. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 89:366-369.

20. Mohamed NK, Hammad ME & Mukhtar MM. (1995). Chemotactic and phagocytic response of sheep polymorphonuclear neutrophils to Staphylococcus aureus subsp. On airobius. Egyptian J. of Vet. Med, 3: 31.

21. Van der Poll, T, Zijlstra EE & Mevissen M. (1995) Interleukin-6 during active visceral leishmaniasis and after treatment. Clin Immunol. Immunopath, 77(1): 111- 114.

22. Zijlstra EE, El Hassan AM & Ismail A. (1995). Endemic Kala-azar in eastern Sudan Post-Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Am. Trop. Med. Hyg. 52: 299.

23. Zijlstra EE, El Hassan AM, Ghalib HW & Ismail A. (1995). Endemic Kala-azar in eastern Sudan: A longitudinal study on the incidence of clinical and sub-clinical disease and post-Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis Am Trop Med Hyg, 52: 299.

24. Zijlstra EE, Van der Poll T & Mevissen M. (1995). Soluble tumour necrosis factor receptors as markers for disease activity in visceral leishmaniasis Journal of Infectious Diseases 171: 498-501.

1. Agabani HM, Hag IA, Satti & El Hassan AM. (1994). Fluorescence Microscopy using a light microscope fitted with an interface filter for the diagnosis of Malaria. Trans. Roy. Trop. Med Hyg. 88:61.

2. Bashir M, Bickle O, Boushara H, Cook L, Fuhui S, He D, Huggis M, Lin J, Malik K., Moloney A, Mukhtar M, Ye P, Xu S, Taylor M & Shi Y. (1994). Evaluation of defined vaccine against S. bovis and S.japonicum in bovines. Trop. Georg .Med., 46:255-58.

3. El Hag IA, Hashim FA, El Toum IA, Homeida M, ElKhalifa M & El Hassan AM. (1994). Liver morphology and function in visceral leishmaniasis (kala-zar). J. Clin. pathol., 47:547.

4. El Hassan AM. Gaafar A & Theander TG. (1994). Antigen presenting cells in human cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania major. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 52: 445-453.

5. El Hassan AM, Yagi HI, Zijlstra EE & El Kadrow AY. (1994). Leishmaniasis of the nose caused by different species of Leishmania in the Sudan. Distinguishing features of the different clinical forms. Trop. Med, 64: 33.

6. El Hassan, AM, Fahl AH, El Hag IA & Khalil EAG. (1994). The pathology of mycetoma: Light microscopy and ultra-structural features. Sud. Med. J., 23-45.

7. Fahal AH & Suliman SH. (1994). Clinical presentation of mycetoma. Sud. Med. J., 32:98-104.

8. Fahal AH, El Toum EA, Gumaa SA, Mahgoub ES & El Hassan AM. (1994). A preliminary study on the ultra-structure of Actionmadura pelletieri and its host tissue reaction. J. Med. & Vet. Mycology. 32:343-384.

9. Fahal AH, Suliman SH, Gadir AFA, El Hag IA, El Ami, FI, Gumaa SA & Mahgoub ES. (1994). Abdominal wall mycetoma: Unusual presentation. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 88:78.

10. Gaafar A, Kharazmi A, Ismail A, Kemp M, Hey A, Christensen CBV, Dafaalla M, El Kadaro AY, El Hassan AM & Theander T. (1994). Dichotomy of the T-cell response to Leishmania antigens in patients suffering from cutaneos leishmaniasis. Absence or scarcity of Th I activity is associated with server infections. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 100:239.

11. Gaffar A. Fadl, A, El kadarow AI, El Hassan MM, Kemp M, Ismael AIA, Morgos AA & El Hassan AM. (1994). Sporotrichoid cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania major of different zymodemes in the Sudan and Saudi Arabia: A comparative study. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 88: 552.

12. Hashim FA & El Hassan AM. (1994). Tinea versicolor infection in patients with visceral leishmaniasis. Int. J. Dermatol. 33(4): 258-9.

13. Hashim FA, Ali MS, Satti M, El Hassan AM, Ghalib HW, El Safi S & El Hag I. (1994). An outbreak of acute kala-azar in a nomadic tribe in western Sudan: features of the disease in a previously non-immune population. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 88: 431.

14. Ibrahim ME, Hag Ali M, El Hassan AM, Theander TG & Kharazmi A. (1994). Leishmania resistant to Sodium stibogluconate drug-associated macrophage-dependent killing. Parasitol. Res., 80: 569.

15. Ibrahim ME, Smyth AJ, Ali MH, Barker DC & Kharazmi A. (1994). The polymerase chain reaction can reveal the occurrence of naturally mixed infections with leishmania parasites. Acta Tropica, 327-332.

16. Jakobsen PH, Morris-Jones S, Ronn A, Hviid L, Theander TG, Elhassan IM, Bygbjerg IC & Greenwood BM. (1994). Increased plasma concentrations of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and sELAM-1 in patients with Plasmodium falciparum or P. vivax malaria and association with disease severity. Immunology. 83(4):665-9.

17. Kemp, M., Hey, A. S., Christensen, C. B. V., Kurtzhal, J. A. L., Gaafar, A., Mustafa, M. D., Kordofani, A. A.Y., Ismail, A. Kharazmi, A. & Theander, T. G. (1994). Dichotomy of the human T-cell response to leishmania antigen. I. Th I-like response to leishmania major peomastigotes in individuals who have recovered from cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 96: 410.

18. Seielsted MT, Harbet JM, Lin AA, Underhill P, Ibrhaim ME, Vollarth & Cavalli-Sforza LL. (1994). Constructing of Human Y-chromosomal haplotypes using new polymorphic A to G transition. Human Molecular Genetics, 3 (12): 2159-2161.

19. Hashim FA & Elhassan AM. Tinea versicolor and visceral leishmaniasis. Int J Dermatol. 1994 Apr;33(4):258-9.

1. El Hassan AM, Hassan FA, Abdallah M, Zijilstra EE & Ghalib HW (1993). Distinguishing post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis from leprosy: in the Sudan. Lepr. Rev., 64:53.

2. El Hassan AM, Hasssan FA, Sidding AM, Ghalib HW & Zijlstra EE (1993). Kalazar in western Upper Nile in the southern Sudan and its spread to a nomadic tribe from the North. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med Hyg., 87:395.

3. El Hassan AM, Zijlstra EE, Meredith SEO & Ismail A (1993). Identification of Leishmania donovani using a Polymerase Chain Reaction in patient and animal material obtained from an area of endemic Kalazar in Sudan. Acta. Trop. 55:87.

4. Elhassan IM, Satti GH, Ali AE, Fadul I, Elkhalifa AA, Abedelrahim AM, Ming C & Theander TG (1993). The efficacy of artemether in the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Sudan. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 87(6):685-6.

5. Fahal AH, EL Hag IAM & Hashim FA (1993). Leishmania cholecytitis and colitis in a patient with visceral leishmaniasis. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 89:184.

6. Ghalib HW, Piuvezam MR, Skeily YAA, Sidding M, Hashim FA, El Hashim AM, Russo DM & Reed SG (1993). Interleukin 10 production correlates with pathaology in human leishmania donovani infections. J. Clin Invest, 92: 324.

7. Hviid L, Elhassan IM, Dodoo D, Jensen JB, Bygbjerg IC, Satti GM, Theander TG. Hviid L, Theander TG, Elhassan IM & Jensen JB (1993). Increased plasma levels of soluble ICAM-1 and ELAM-1 (E-selectin) during acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Immunol Lett. 36(1):51-8.

8. Kadaru AY, Ghalib HW, Ali MS, El Toum IA, Ismail A, Gaafar A, Kemp M, Kordofani AAY, Reed SG, El Hassan AM, Kharazmi A, Hag Ali M & Mustafa MD (1993). Prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis a long the Nile River North of Khartoum (Sudan) in the aftermath of an epidemic in 1985. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 48 (1):44.

9. Meredith SEO, Zijlstra EE, Schoon GJ, Kroon CCM, van Eys GJJM, Scheaffer KU, El Hassan AM & Lawyer PG (1993). Development of the polymerase Chain Reaction for the detection and identification of leishmania parasites, and the application of the PCR for detection of parasites in clinical material. Arch. Pasteur Tunis, 70(3-4):419.

10. Zijlsra EE, Sidding AM, El Hassan AM, Hofland HW, El Toum IA, Satti M & Ghalib HW (1993). The treatment of Kala-zar with sodium stibogluconate in the Sudan: a randomized trial of three dosage regimens. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 87: 307.

11. Zijlstra EE & El Hassan AM (1993). Leishmanin and tuberculin sensitivity in leishmaniasis in the Sudan, with special reference to Kala-zar. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 87:425.

12. Zijlstra EE, Ali MS, El Toum I, Satti M, Ghalib HW & Kager PA (1993). Spleen puncture for the diagnosis of visceral Leishmaniasis: A reply. Correspodence. Trans. Roy. Trop. Med Hyg., 87:607.

Elhassan AM, Ali MS, Zijlstra E, Eltoum IA, Ghalib HW & Ahmed HM (1992). Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in the Sudan: peripheral neural involvement. Int J Dermatol. 31(6):400-3.